Codebook

Each row in the SPI panel scores an (agency, year) cell against ten L0 risk domains and roughly fifty L1 sub-domains. The L0 layer is the chapter-level taxonomy of the book; the L1 layer is a finer-grained decomposition used in the empirical work.

L0 domains

• l0_CREDIT_LENDING — Credit risk, lending standards, loan loss recognition, concentration, fair lending, CRA
• l0_CAPITAL_SOLVENCY — Capital adequacy, loss reserves, stress testing, prompt corrective action
• l0_LIQUIDITY_FUNDING — Liquidity management, funding stability, deposit insurance, lender of last resort
• l0_MARKET_INTEREST_RATE — Interest-rate risk, securities portfolio, derivatives, model risk
• l0_GOVERNANCE_MANAGEMENT — Board oversight, risk frameworks, internal controls, compensation, fitness/propriety
• l0_OPERATIONS_TECHNOLOGY — Operational risk, cybersecurity, third-party risk, business continuity, fraud
• l0_COMPLIANCE_LEGAL — BSA/AML, consumer protection, sanctions, privacy, insider conflicts
• l0_EARNINGS_PROFITABILITY — Performance, revenue mix, interest-rate environment
• l0_SYSTEMIC_MACRO — Systemic risk, too big to fail, cross-border exposure, climate/environmental
• l0_STRUCTURE_CHARTERING — Chartering, branching, mergers/acquisitions, holding-company structure, regulatory competition